Vitamins

Vitamins

1) Name: Vitamin A
Chemical name: Retinol
Solubility: Fat
Food source: Cod liver oil, carrots
Year of discovery :1913
Deficiency disease :Night-blindness and Keratomalacia
Overdose disease: Hypervitaminosis A
Solubility --- Fat
Deficiency disease: Night-blindness and Keratomalacia
Overdose disease: Hypervitaminosis A

2) Name : Vitamin B1

Chemical name :Thiamine

Year of discovery: 1910

Food source : Rice bran

Solubility :Water

Deficiency disease : Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Overdose disease :Drowsiness or muscle relaxation with large doses.

3) Name : Vitamin B2 

Chemical name: Riboflavin

Year of discovery : 1920

Food source :Meat, eggs

Solubility : Water

Deficiency disease: Ariboflavinosis

4) Name: Vitamin B3

Chemical name : Niacin

Year of discovery : 1936

Food source : Meat, eggs, grains

Solubility: Water

Deficiency disease: Pellagra

Overdose disease:Liver damage (doses > 2g/day) and other problems

5) Name: Vitamin B5 

Chemical name: Pantothenic acid

Year of discovery :1931

Food source: Meats, whole grains, in many foods

Solubility: Water

Deficiency disease: Paresthesia

Overdose disease : Diarrhea; possibly nausea and heartburn.

6) Name : Vitamin B6

Chemical name :Pyridoxine

Year of discovery :1934

Food source : Meat, dairy products.

Solubility:Water

Deficiency disease: Anemia peripheral neuropathy.

Overdose disease : Impairment of proprioception, nerve damage (doses > 100 mg/day)

7) Name : Vitamin B7

Chemical name: Biotin

Year of discovery: 1931

Food source : Meats, dairy products, eggs

Solubility :Water

Deficiency disease : Dermatitis, enteritis

8) Name : Vitamin B9

Chemical name:Folic acid

Year of discovery :1941

Food source: Leafy green vegetables

Solubility: Water

Deficiency disease : Deficiency during pregnancy is associated with birth defects, such as neural tube defects

Overdose disease : May mask symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency; other effects.

9) Name: Vitamin B12

Chemical name: Cobalamins

Year of discovery : 1926

Food source : Liver, eggs, animal products

Solubility:Water

Deficiency disease: Megaloblastic anemia

Overdose disease : No known toxicity

10) Name : Vitamin C 

Chemical name:Ascorbic acid

Year of discovery :1920

Food source:Citrus, most fresh foods

Solubility: Water

Deficiency disease : Scurvy

Overdose disease : Vitamin C megadosage

11) Name : Vitamin D 

Chemical name: Calciferol

Year of discovery : 1920

Food source : Cod liver oil

Solubility: Fat

Deficiency disease:Rickets and Osteomalacia

Overdose disease : Hypervitaminosis D

12) Name : Vitamin E 

Chemical name :Tocopherol

Year of discovery :1922

Food source : Wheat germ oil, unrefined vegetable oils

Solubility :Fat

Deficiency disease : Deficiency is very rare; mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants.

Overdose disease: Increased congestive heart failure seen in one large randomized study.

13) Name :Vitamin K 

Chemical name :Phylloquinone/phytol naphthoquinone

Year of discovery :1929

Food source: Leafy green vegetables

Solubility:Fat

Deficiency disease : Bleeding diathesis

Overdose disease :Increases coagulation in patients taking warfarin.